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The tailbone is actually called the tailbone because of this shared lineage. The tailbone of a human being and the tail of a monkey are examples of homology.The pelvis of a dog, of a cat and of a human and of a snake are homologous structures.These different structures are also homologous to the arms of people, the wings of the bat, and the other animal parts described above. The shared bones date back to a prehistoric fish that emerged onto land, eventually becoming an extinct transitional animal from which they evolved. However, they share a common ancestor and a common set of bones (the radius, ulna and humerus). The forelimbs of a frog, a bird, a rabbit and a lizard look very different because they have evolved differently to account for the specific lifestyles of each animal.

They are considered homologous structures because they have a similar underlying anatomy. They are different and have a different purpose, but they are similar and share common traits. The arm of a human, the wing of a bird or a bat, the leg of a dog and the flipper of a dolphin or whale are homologous structures.